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| ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 1 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm typical application network features description smartmesh wirelesshart node wireless mote module smartmesh wirelesshart wireless sensor networks are self managing, low power networks built from wireless nodes called motes. the lt p ? 5901-whm / lt p 5902-whm is the wirelesshart mote product in the eterna ? * family of ieee 802.15.4 printed circuit board assembly solutions, featuring a highly-integrated, low power radio design by dust networks ? as well as an arm cortex-m 3 32- bit microprocessor running dusts embedded smartmesh wirelesshart networking software. both the lt p 5901- whm ( with chip antenna), at 24 mm 42 mm, and the lt p 5902-whm ( with mmcx connector), at 24 mm 37 mm , are designed for surface mount assembly. with dust s time - synchronized wirelesshart networks, all motes in the network may route, source or terminate data, while providing many years of battery powered operation. the smartmesh wirelesshart software provided with the lt p 5901/2-whm is fully tested and validated, and is readily configured via a software application programming interface (api). smartmesh wirelesshart motes deliver a highly flexible network with proven reliability and low power performance in an easy-to-integrate platform. ltp5901/2-whm features n complete radio transceiver, embedded processor, and networking software for forming a self-healing mesh network n compliant to wirelesshart (iec62591) standard n smartmesh ? networks incorporate: n time synchronized network-wide scheduling n per transmission frequency hopping n redundant spatially diverse topologies n network-wide reliability and power optimization n nist certified security n smartmesh networks deliver: n >99.999% network reliability achieved in the most challenging dynamic rf environments often found in industrial applications n sub 50a routing nodes n industry-leading low power radio technology with: n 4.5 ma to receive a packet n 5.4 ma to transmit at 0dbm n 9.7 ma to transmit at 8dbm n rf modular certifications include usa, canada, eu , japan, taiwan, korea, india, australia and new zealand n pcb assembly with chip antenna ( lt p 5901-whm) or with mmcx antenna connector ( lt p 5902-whm). qfn version ( lt c ? 5800-whm) available l , lt , lt c , lt m , eterna, smartmesh, linear technology, the linear logo, dust and dust networks are registered trademarks and lt p and the dust networks logo are trademarks of linear technology corporation. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. protected by u.s. patents, including 7375594, 7420980, 7529217, 7791419, 7881239, 7898322, 8222965. * eterna is dust networks low power radio soc architecture. 59012whm ta01 controller expanded view mote in+inC spi ltc2379-18 manager mote mote mote mote ltp5903-whr uart uart ethernet antenna host application sensor ltp5901-whm downloaded from: http:///
ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 2 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm table of contents network features .......................................... 1 ltp5901/2-whm features .............................. 1 typical application ........................................ 1 description.................................................. 1 smartmesh network overview ........................... 3 absolute maximum ratings .............................. 4 pin configuration .......................................... 4 order information .......................................... 5 recommended operating conditions ................... 5 dc characteristics ......................................... 5 radio specifications ...................................... 6 radio receiver characteristics .......................... 6 radio transmitter characteristics ....................... 7 digital i/o characteristics ................................ 7 temperature sensor characteristics .................... 8 analog input chain characteristics ..................... 8 system characteristics ................................... 8 uart ac characteristics .................................. 9 timen ac characteristics ................................ 10 radio inhibit ac characteristics ........................ 10 flash ac characteristics ................................. 11 flash spi slave ac characteristics .................... 11 typical performance characteristics .................. 13 pin functions .............................................. 17 operation................................................... 21 power supply .......................................................... 21 supply monitoring and reset ................................. 21 precision timing ..................................................... 21 application time synchronization .......................... 23 time references ..................................................... 23 radio ...................................................................... 23 uarts ..................................................................... 23 autonomous mac ................................................... 24 security .................................................................. 25 temperature sensor ............................................... 25 radio inhibit ........................................................... 25 software installation ............................................... 25 flash data retention ............................................... 25 state diagram ......................................................... 26 applications information ................................ 28 regulatory and standards compliance ................... 28 soldering information ............................................. 28 related documentation .................................. 28 package description ..................................... 29 revision history .......................................... 31 typical application ....................................... 32 related parts .............................................. 32 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 3 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm a smartmesh network consists of a self - forming multi - hop , mesh of nodes, known as motes, which collect and relay data, and a network manager that monitors and manages network performance and security, and exchanges data with a host application. smartmesh networks communicate using a time slotted channel hopping ?( tsch) link layer, pioneered by dust networks. in a tsch network, all motes in the network are synchronized to within less than a millisecond. time in the network is organized into timeslots, which enables collision - free packet exchange and per - transmission channel-hopping. in a smartmesh network, every device has one or more parents ( e.g. mote 3 has motes 1 and 2 as parents) that provide redundant paths to overcome communications interruption due to interference, physical obstruction or multi-path fading. if a packet transmission fails on one path, the next retransmission may try on a different path and different rf channel. a network begins to form when the network manager instructs its on - board access point ( ap) radio to begin sending ad - vertisements - packets that contain information that enables a device to synchronize to the network and request to join . this message exchange is part of the security handshake that establishes encrypted communications between the manager or application, and mote. once motes have joined the network, they maintain synchronization through time corrections when a packet is acknowledged . smartmesh network overview the network manager uses health reports to continually optimize the network to maintain >99.999% data reliability even in the most challenging rf environments. the use of tsch allows smartmesh devices to sleep in- between scheduled communications and draw very little power in this state. motes are only active in timeslots where they are scheduled to transmit or receive, typically resulting in a duty cycle of < 1%. the optimization soft - ware in the network manager coordinates this schedule automatically. when combined with the eterna low power radio, every mote in a smartmesh network C even busy routing ones C can run on batteries for years. by default, all motes in a network are capable of routing traffic from other motes, which simplifies installation by avoiding the complexity of having distinct routers vs. non-routing end nodes. motes may be configured as non-routing to further reduce that particular motes power consumption and to support a wide variety of network topologies. at the heart of smartmesh motes and network manag - ers is the eterna ieee 802.15.4 e system-on-chip ( soc), featuring dust networks highly-integrated, low power radio design, plus an arm cortex-m 3 32- bit micropro - cessor running smartmesh networking software. the smartmesh networking software comes fully compiled yet is configurable via a rich set of application program - ming interfaces ( apis) which allows a host application to interact with the network, e.g. to transfer information to a device, to configure data publishing rates on one or more motes, or to monitor network state or performance metrics. data publishing can be uniform or different for each device, with motes being able to publish infrequently or faster than once per second as needed. host application ap sno 01 network manager mote 2 mote 1 mote 3 an ongoing discovery process ensures that the network continually discovers new paths as the rf conditions change. in addition, each mote in the network tracks per - formance statistics ( e.g. quality of used paths, and lists of potential paths) and periodically sends that information to the network manager in packets called health reports . all nodes are routers. they can transmit and receive. this new node can join anywhere because all nodes can route. sno 02 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 4 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm pin configuration absolute maximum ratings supply voltage on vsupply .................................. 4.20 v input voltage on ai _ 0/1/2/3 inputs ......................... 1.98 v voltage on any digital i/o pin .... C0.3 v to vsupply +0.3 v input rf level ...................................................... 10 dbm storage temperature range ( note 3) ..... C55 c to 105 c (note 1, note 2) pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. operating temperature range ltp 5901 i/ lpt 5902 i ............................. C40 c to 85 c caution : this part is sensitive to electrostatic discharge ( esd ). it is very important that proper esd precautions be observed when handling the ltp 5901/ ltp 5902- whm . 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 6665 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 gnd reserved nc gpio17gpio18 gpio19 ai_2ai_1 ai_3 ai_0 gnd reserved ncnc resetn tdi tdo tms tck gnd dp4 (gpio23) reserved reserved reserved dp3 (gpio22) / timer8_in dp2 (gpio21) / lptimer_in sleepn / gpio14 dp0 (gpio0) / spim_ss_2n nc gnd gndnc radio_inhibit / gpio15 timen / gpio1 uart_tx uart_tx_ctsn uart_tx_rtsn uart_rx uart_rx_ctsn uart_rx_rtsn gnd vsupply reserved nc nc flash_p_enn / gpio2 spis_ssn / sdaspis_sck / scl spis_mosi / gpio26 / uartc1_rx spis_miso / 1_wire / uartc1_tx pwm0 / gpio16 dp1 (gpio20) / timer16_in spim_ss_0n / gpio12spim_ss_1n / gpio13 gnd spim_sck / gpio9 spim_mosi / gpio10 ipcs_ssn / gpio3 spim_miso / gpio11 gnd uartco_tx uartco_rx ipcs_miso / gp106 pc package 66-lead pcb gnd ipcs_mosi / gpio5 ipcs_sck / gpio4 31 32 33 34 35 36 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 5 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm recommended operating conditions dc characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max units vsupply supply voltage including noise and load regulation l 2.1 3.76 v supply noise 50hz to 2mhz l 250 mv operating relative humidity non-condensing l 10 90 %rh temperature ramp rate while operating in network l C8 8 c/min operation/state conditions min typ max units power-on reset during power-on reset, maximum 750s + vsupply rise time from 1v to 1.9v 12 ma doze ram on, arm cortex-m3, flash, radio, and peripherals off, all data and state retained, 32.768khz reference active 1.2 a deep sleep ram on, arm cortex-m3, flash, radio, and peripherals off, all data and state retained, 32.768khz reference inactive 0.8 a in-circuit programming resetn and flash_p_enn asserted, ipcs_sck at 8mhz 20 ma peak operating current +8 dbm +0 dbm system operating at 14.7mhz, radio transmitting, during flash write. maximum duration 4.33 ms. 30 26 ma ma active arm cortex m3, ram and flash operating, radio and all other peripherals off. clock frequency of cpu and peripherals set to 7.3728mhz, vcore = 1.2v 1.3 ma flash write single bank flash write 3.7 ma flash erase single bank page or mass erase 2.5 ma radio tx +0 dbm +8 dbm current with autonomous mac managing radio operation, cpu inactive. clock frequency of cpu and peripherals set to 7.3728mhz. 5.4 9.7 ma ma radio rx current with autonomous mac managing radio operation, cpu inactive. clock frequency of cpu and peripherals set to 7.3728mhz. 4.5 ma the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . order information lead free finish? part marking* package description temperature range lt p 5901ipc-whma#pbf lt p 5901ipc-whma#pbf 66-lead (42mm 24mm 5.5mm) pcb with chip antenna C40c to 85c lt p 5902ipc-whma#pbf lt p 5902ipc-whma#pbf 66-lead (37.5mm 24mm 5.5mm) pcb with mmcx connector C40c to 85c ?this product ships with the flash erased at the time of order. oems will need to program devices during development and manufacturing. for legacy part numbers and ordering information go to: http://www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm#orderinfo or http://www.linear.com/ltp5902-whm#orderinfo *the temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. for more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 6 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm radio specifications radio receiver characteristics parameter conditions min typ max units frequency band l 2.4000 2.4835 ghz number of channels l 15 channel separation l 5 mhz channel center frequency where k = 11 to 25, as defined by ieee.802.15.4 l 2405 + 5?( k-11) mhz raw data rate l 250 kbps antenna pin esd protection hbm per jedec jesd22-a114f 6000 v range (note 4) indoor outdoor free space 25c, 50% rh, +2dbi omni-directional antenna, antenna 2m above ground 100 300 1200 m m m parameter conditions min typ max units receiver sensitivity packet error rate (per) = 1% (note 5) C93 dbm receiver sensitivity per = 50% C95 dbm saturation maximum input level the receiver will properly receive packets 0 dbm adjacent channel rejection (high side) desired signal at C82dbm, adjacent modulated channel 5mhz above the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 22 dbc adjacent channel rejection (low side) desired signal at C82dbm, adjacent modulated channel 5mhz below the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 19 dbc alternate channel rejection (high side) desired signal at C82dbm, alternate modulated channel 10mhz above the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 40 dbc alternate channel rejection (low side) desired signal at C82dbm, alternate modulated channel 10mhz below the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 36 dbc second alternate channel rejection desired signal at C82dbm, second alternate modulated channel either 15mhz above or below, per = 1% (note 5) 42 dbc co-channel rejection desired signal at C82dbm, undesired signal is an 802.15.4 modulated signal at the same frequency, per = 1% C6 dbc lo feed through C55 dbm frequency error tolerance (note 6) 50 ppm symbol error tolerance 50 ppm received signal strength indicator (rssi) input range C90 to C10 dbm rssi accuracy 6 db rssi resolution 1 db the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 7 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm radio transmitter characteristics digital i/o characteristics parameter conditions min typ max units output power high calibrated setting low calibrated setting delivered to a 50 load 8 0 dbm dbm spurious emissions 30 mhz to 1000 mhz 1 ghz to 12.75 ghz 2.4 ghz ism upper band edge (peak) 2.4 ghz ism upper band edge (average) 2.4 ghz ism lower band edge conducted measurement with a 50 single-ended load, +8dbm output power. all measurements made with max hold. r bw = 120khz, v bw = 100hz r bw = 1mhz, v bw = 3mhz r bw = 1mhz, v bw = 3mhz r bw = 1mhz, v bw = 10hz r bw = 100khz, v bw = 100khz ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 9 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm uart ac characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max units permitted rx baud rate error both application programming interface (api) and command line interface (cli) uarts l C2 2 % generated tx baud rate error both api and cli uarts l C1 1 % t rx_rts to rx_cts assertion of uart_rx_rtsn to assertion of uart_rx_ctsn, or negation of uart_rx_ rtsn to negation of uart_rx_ctsn l 0 2 ms t cts_r to rx assertion of uart_rx_ctsn to start of byte l 0 20 ms t eop to rx_ rts end of packet (end of the last stop bit) to negation of uart_rx_rtsn l 0 22 ms t beg_tx_rts to tx_cts assertion of uart_tx_rtsn to assertion of uart_tx_ctsn 0 22 ms t end_tx_cts to tx_ rts negation of uart_tx_ctsn to negation of uart_tx_rtsn 2 bit period t tx_cts to tx assertion of uart_tx_ctsn to start of byte 0 2 bit period t eop to tx_ rts end of packet (end of the last stop bit) to negation of uart_tx_rtsn l 0 1 bit period t rx_interbyte receive inter-byte delay l 100 ms t rx_interpacket receive inter-packet delay l 20 ms t tx_interpacket transmit inter-packet delay l 1 bit period t tx to tx_cts start of byte to negation of uart_tx_ctsn l 0 ns the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . (note 13) figure 1. api uart timing uart_rx_rtsn t eop to rx_rts t rx_rts to_rx_cts t rx_interbyte t rx_cts to rx t rx_rts to_rx_cts uart_rx_ctsn uart_rx byte 1 byte 0 uart_tx_rtsn t eop to tx_rts t end_tx_rts to_tx_cts t end_tx_cts to_tx_rts t tx to tx_cts t tx_cts to tx t beg_tx rts to tx_cts uart_tx_ctsn uart_tx 59012whm f01 byte 1 byte 0 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 10 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm radio inhibit ac characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t radio_off delay from rising edge of radio_inhibit to radio disabled l 20 ms t radio_inhibit_strobe maximum radio_inhibit strobe width l 2 s the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . (note 13) t response t strobe uart_tx timen t time_hold 59012whm f02 time indication payload t radio_inhibit_strobe t radio_off radio_inhibit radio state active/off off 59012whm f03 active/off figure 2. timestamp timing figure 3. radio_inhibit timing time n ac characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t strobe timen signal strobe width l 125 s t response delay from rising edge of timen to the start of time packet on api uart l 0 100 ms t time_hold delay from end of time packet on api uart to falling edge of subsequent timen l 0 ns timestamp resolution (note 10) l 1 s network-wide time accuracy (note 11) l 5 s the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . (note 13) downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 11 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm flash spi slave ac characteristics flash ac characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t fp_en_to_reset setup from assertion of flash_p_enn to assertion of resetn l 0 ns t fp_enter delay from the assertion resetn to the first falling edge of ipcs_ssn l 125 s t fp_exit delay from the completion of the last flash spi slave transaction to the negation of resetn and flash _p_ enn ( note 13) l 10 s t sss ipcs_ssn setup to the leading edge of ipcs_sck l 15 ns t ssh ipcs_ssn hold from trailing edge of ipcs_sck l 15 ns t ck ipcs_sck period l 300 ns t dis ipcs_mosi data setup l 15 ns t dih ipcs_mosi data hold l 5 ns t dov ipcs_miso data valid l C5 30 ns t off ipcs_miso data tr i -state l 0 30 ns symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t write time to write a 32-bit word (note 12) l 21 s t page_erase time to erase a 2kbyte page (note 12) l 21 ms t mass_erase time to erase 256kbyte flash bank (note 12) l 21 ms data retention 25c 85c 105c 100 20 8 years y ears years the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . (note 13) the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted . (note 13) downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 12 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm figure 4. flash programming interface timing flash spi slave ac characteristics t fp_en to_reset flash_p_enn resetn ipcs_ssn ipcs_mosi ipcs_sck t fp_enter t sss t ck t dis t dih 59012whm f04 t ssh t fp_exit note 1: stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. exposure to any absolute maximum rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. note 2: esd (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. esd protection devices are used extensively internal to eterna. however, high electrostatic discharge can damage or degrade the device. use proper esd handling precautions. note 3: extended storage at high temperature is discouraged, as this negatively affects the data retention of eternas calibration data. see the flash data retention section for details. note 4: actual rf range is subject to a number of installation-specific variables including, but not restricted to ambient temperature, relative humidity, presence of active interference sources, line-of-sight obstacles, and near-presence of objects (for example, trees, walls, signage, and so on) that may induce multipath fading. as a result, range varies. note 5: as specified by ieee std. 802.15.4-2006: wireless medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications for low- rate wireless personal area networks (lr-wpans) http://standards.ieee. org/findstds/standard/802.15.4-2011.html . note 6: ieee std. 802.15.4-2006 requires transmitters to maintain a frequency tolerance of better than 40 ppm.note 7: per pin i/o types are provided in the pin functions section. note 8: vih maximum voltage input must respect the vsupply maximum voltage specification.note 9: the analog inputs to the adc can be modeled as a series resistor to a capacitor. at a minimum the entire circuit, including the source impedance for the signal driving the analog input should be designed to settle to within ? lsb within the sampling window to match the performance of the adc. note 10: see the smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide for the time indication notification definition. note 11: network time accuracy is a statistical measure and varies over the temperature range, reporting rate and the location of the device relative to the manager in the network. see the typical performance characteristics section for a more detailed description. note 12: code execution from flash banks being written or erased is suspended until completion of the flash operation. note 13: guaranteed by design. not production tested. downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 13 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm typical performance characteristics network motes typically route through at least two par - ents the traffic destined for the manager. the supply current graphs shown below include a parameter called traffic - weighted descendants. in these graphs the term traffic - weighted descendants refers to an amount of activity equivalent to the number of descendants if all of the network traffic was directed to the mote in question . generally the number of descendants of a parent is more , typically 2 x or more, than the number of traffic - weighted descendants. for example, with reference to figure 6 mote p 1 has 0.75 traffic - weighted descendants. to obtain this value notice that mote d 1 routes half its packets through mote p 1 adding 0.5 to the traffic - weighted descendant value; the other half of d 1 s traffic is routed through its other parent, p 2. mote d 2 routes half its packets through mote d 1 ( the other half going through parent p 3), which we know routes half its packets to mote p 1, adding another 0.25 to the traffic - weighted descendant value for a total traffic - weighted descendant value of 0.75. as described in the application time synchronization section, eterna provides two mechanisms for applications to maintain a time base across a network. the synchro- nization performance plots that follow were generated using the more precise timen input. publishing rate is the rate a mote application sends upstream data. syn - chronization improves as the publishing rate increases. baseline synchronization performance is provided for a network operating with a publishing rate of zero. actual performance for applications in network will improve 1-hop2-hop 3-hop 59012whm f06 p1 p2 p3 d1 d2 manager figure 6. example network graph figure 5 temperature (c) C40 0 supply current (a) 100 8060 40 20 120 40 60 80 C20 0 59012whm f05a 20 0 twd 30s reporting 0 twd 5s reporting 2 twd 30s reporting 2 twd 5s reporting 5 twd 30s reporting twd=traffic-weighted descendants as publishing rates increase. all synchronization testing was performed with the 1- hop mote inside a temperature chamber. timing errors due to temperature changes and temperature differences both between the manager and this mote and between this mote and its descendents therefore propagated down through the network. the syn - chronization of the 3- hop and 5- hop motes to the manager was then affected by the temperature ramps even though they were at room temperature. for 2 c/minute testing the temperature chamber was cycled between C40 c and 85c at this rate for 24 hours. for 8 c/minute testing, the temperature chamber was rapidly cycled between 85 c and 45c for 8 hours, followed by rapid cycling between C5 c and 45 c for 8 hours, and lastly, rapid cycling between C40c and 15c for 8 hours. reporting interval (s) 0 0 median latency (s) 98 7 6 5 4 2 1 3 10 20 25 30 5 10 59012whm f05b 15 1 hops 2 hops 3 hops 4 hops 5 hops reporting interval (s) 0 0 supply current (a) 200150 100 50 250 20 25 30 5 10 59012whm f05c 15 0 twd 1 twd 2 twd 5 twd twd=traffic weighted descendants supply current vs temperature packet latency vs reporting interval supply current vs reporting interval downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 14 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm typical performance characteristics timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 1 hop, room temperature timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 3 hops, room temperature timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 5 hops, room temperature timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 1 hop, 2c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 3 hops, 2c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 5 hops, 2c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 1 hop, 8c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 3 hops, 8c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 5 hops, 8c/min synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g01 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 10 5 15 2520 35 30 = 0.1 = 35.0 n = 281490 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g02 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 42 6 10 8 18 12 14 16 = 0.7 = 63.0 n = 281492 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g03 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 42 12 6 8 10 = 0.8 = 110.7 n = 281493 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g04 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 5 45 4020 15 10 25 3530 = 10.1 = 35.7 n = 92717 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g05 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 14 12 42 6 10 8 = 7.2 = 75.9 n = 92717 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g06 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 9 84 3 2 1 5 76 = 6 = 125.7 n = 92719 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g07 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 45 4020 15 10 5 25 3530 = 15.3 = 39.4 n = 91114 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g08 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 14 12 42 6 10 8 = 10.9 = 81.5 n = 95165 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 59012whm g09 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 8 73 2 1 4 65 = 10.7 = 136.8 n = 95167 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 15 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm typical performance characteristics as described in the smartmesh network overview sec- tion, devices in network spend the vast majority of their time inactive in their lowest power state ( doze). on a synchronous schedule a mote will wake to communicate with another mote. regularly occurring sequences which wake, perform a significant function and return to sleep are considered atomic. these operations are considered atomic as the sequence of events can not be separated into smaller events while performing a useful function. for example, transmission of a packet over the radio is an atomic operation. atomic operations may be characterized in either charge or energy. in a time slot where a mote successfully sends a packet, an atomic transmit includes setup prior to sending the message, sending the message, receiving the acknowledgment and the post processing needed as a result of the message being sent. similarly in a time slot when a mote successfully receives a packet, an atomic receive includes setup prior to listening, listen - ing until the start of the packet transition, receiving the packet, sending the acknowledge and the post processing required due to the arrival of the packet.to ensure reliability each mote in the network is provided multiple time slots for each packet it nominally will send and forward. the time slots are assigned to communicate upstream with at least two different motes . when combined with frequency hopping this provides temporal, spatial and spectral redundancy. given this approach a mote will often listen for a message that it will never receive, since the time slot is not being used by the transmitting mote. it has already successfully transmitted the packet. since typically 3 timeslots are scheduled for every 1 packet to be sent or forwarded, motes will perform more of these atomic idle listens than atomic transmit or atomic receive sequences. examples of transmit, receive and idle listen atomic operations are shown in figure 7. downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 16 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm typical performance characteristics atomic operation - maximum length transmit with acknowledge, 10ms time slot (55.9c total charge at 3.6v) atomic operation - maximum length receive with acknowledge, 10ms time slot (39.2c total charge at 3.6v) atomic operation - idle listen, 10ms time slot (15.1c total charge at 3.6v) figure 7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 C5 0 5 10 15 20 25 C2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 59012 f07a 12000 current (ma) charge (c) time (s) doze power up tx prep doze packet transmission rx acknowledge post message processing current charge 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 C5 0 5 10 15 20 25 C2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 current (ma) charge (c) time (s) doze power up guard time doze receive with aes tx acknowledge post message processing current charge radio rx turn on radio receive 59012 f07b charge 0 current 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 C5 0 5 10 15 20 25 C2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 current (ma) charge (c) doze power up doze radio rx turn on idle receive radio rx shut down time (s) 59012 f07c downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 17 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm pin functions pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. the following table organizes the pins by functional groups. for those i/o with multiple functions the alternate functions are shown on the second and third line in their respective row. the no column provides the pin number . the second column lists the function. the type column lists the i/o type. the i/o column lists the direction of the signal relative to eterna. the pull column shows which signals have a fixed passive pull-up or pull-down. the description column provides a brief signal description. no power supply type i/o pull description 1 gnd power - - ground connection 11 gnd power - - ground connection 20 gnd power - - ground connection 30 gnd power - - ground connection 34 gnd power - - ground connection 37 gnd power - - ground connection 42 gnd power - - ground connection 56 gnd power - - ground connection 66 gnd power - - ground connection 55 vsupply power - - power supply input to eterna no radio type i/o pull description 64 radio_inhibit gpio15 1 (note 14) i i/o - - radio inhibit general purpose digital i/o 4 gpio17 1 i/o - general purpose digital i/o 5 gpio18 1 i/o - general purpose digital i/o 6 gpio19 1 i/o - general purpose digital i/o - antenna n/a n/a - chip antenna ( lt p 5901) or mmcx connector ( lpt 5902) no analog type i/o pull description 7 ai_2 analog i - analog input 2 8 ai_1 analog i - analog input 1 9 ai_3 analog i - analog input 3 10 ai_0 analog i - analog input 0 no reset type i/o pull description 15 resetn 1 i up reset input, active low no jtag type i/o pull description 16 tdi 1 i up jtag test data in 17 tdo 1 o - jtag test data out 18 tms 1 i up jtag test mode select 19 tck 1 i down jtag test clock downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 18 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm pin functions pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. no gpios (note 15) type i/o pull description 21 dp4 (gpio23) 1 i/o - general purpose digital i/o 25 dp3 (gpio22) timer8_ext 1 i/o i - - general purpose digital i/o external input to 8-bit timer/counter 26 dp2 (gpio21) lptimer_ext 1 i/o i - - general purpose digital i/o external input to low power timer/counter 28 dp0 (gpio0) spim_ss_2n 1 i/o o - - general purpose digital i/o spi master slave select 2, active low 45 dp1 (gpio20) timer16_ext 1 i/o i - - general purpose digital i/o external input to 16-bit timer/counter no special purpose type i/o pull description 27 sleepn 1 (note 14) i - deep sleep, active low 46 pwm0 timer16_out gpio16 2 o o i/o - - - pulse width modulator 0 16-bit timer/counter match output/pwm output general purpose digital i/o 63 timen gpio1 1 (note 14) i i/o - - time capture request, active low general purpose digital i/o no cli type i/o pull description 31 uartc0_tx 2 o - cli uart 0 transmit 32 uartc0_rx 1 i up cli uart 0 receive no spi master type i/o pull description 38 spim_miso gpio11 1 i i/o - - spi master (miso) master in slave out port general purpose digital i/o 40 spim_mosi gpio10 2 o i/o - - spi master (mosi) master out slave in port general purpose digital i/o 41 spim_sck gpio9 2 o i/o - - spi master (sck) serial clock port general purpose digital i/o 43 spim_ss_1n gpio13 1 o i/o - - spi master slave select 1, active low general purpose digital i/o 44 spim_ss_0n gpio12 1 o i/o - - spi master slave select 0, active low general purpose digital i/o no ipcs spi/flash programming (note 16) type i/o pull description 33 ipcs_miso timer 16 out gpio6 2 o o i/o - - - spi flash emulation (miso) master in slave out port 16-bit timer/counter match output/pwm output general purpose digital i/o 35 ipcs_miso timer 16 out gpio6 1 i i i/o - - - spi flash emulation (mosi) master out slave in port external input to 16-bit timer/counter general purpose digital i/o 36 ipcs_miso timer 16 out gpio6 1 i i i/o - - - spi flash emulation (sck) serial clock port external input to 8-bit timer/counter general purpose digital i/o 39 ipcs_miso timer 16 out gpio6 1 i i i/o - - - spi flash emulation slave select, active low external input to low power timer/counter general purpose digital i/o 51 flash_p_enn 1 i up flash program enable, active low downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 19 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm vsupply: system and i/o power supply. provides power to the module. the digital-interface i/o voltages are also set by this voltage.antenna : multiplexed receiver input and transmitter output pin. the impedance presented to the mmcx connector should be 50 , single - ended with respect to ground . ai_0, ai_1, ai_2, ai_3: analog inputs. these pins are multiplexed to the analog input chain. the analog input chain, as shown in figure 8, is software-configurable and includes a variable-gain amplifier, an offset-dac for adjusting input range, and a 10 b adc. valid input range is between 0 to 1.8v. pin functions pin functions shown in grey are currently not supported in software. no i 2 c/1-wire/spi slave type i/o pull description 47 spis_miso uartc1_tx 1_wire 2 o o i/o - - - spi slave (miso) master in slave out port cli uart 1 transmit 1 wire master 48 spis_mosi uartc1_rx gpio26 1 i i i/o - - - spi slave (mosi) master out slave in port cli uart 1 receive general purpose digital i/o 49 spis_sck scl 2 i i/o - - spi slave (sck) serial clock port i 2 c serial clock 50 spis_ssn sda 2 i i/o - - spi slave select, active low i 2 c serial data no api uart type i/o pull description 57 uart_rx_rtsn 1 (note 14) i - uart receive ( rts ) request to send, active low 58 uart_rx_ctsn 1 o - uart receive (cts) clear to send, active low 59 uart_rx 1 (note 14) i - uart receive 60 uart_tx_rtsn 1 o - uart transmit ( rts ) request to send, active low 61 uart_tx_ctsn 1 (note 14) i - uart transmit (cts) clear to send, active low 62 uart_tx 2 o - uart transmit note 14: these inputs are always enabled and must be driven or pulled to a valid state to avoid leakage.note 15: see also pins 33, 35, 36, and 39 for additional gpio ports. note 16: embedded programming over the ipcs spi bus is only avaliable when resetn is asserted. 59012whm f08 analog input 3-bitvga + 4-bit dac 10-bit adc figure 8. analog input chain resetn : the asynchronous reset signal is internally pulled up. resetting eterna will result in the arm cortex m3 rebooting and loss of network connectivity. use of this signal for resetting eterna is not recommended except during power-on and in-circuit programming. downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 20 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm radio _ inhibit : radio _ inhibit provide a mechanism for an external device to temporarily disable radio operaiton. failure to observe the timing requirements defined in the radio_inhibit ac characteristics table, may result in unreliable netowrk operation. in designs where the radio_inhibit function is not needed the input must either be tied, pulled or actively driven low to avoid excess leakage. tms, tck, tdi, tdo: jtag port supporting software debug and boundary scan. sleepn: the sleepn function is not currently supported in software. the sleepn input must either be tied, pulled or actively driven high to avoid excess leakage. uart _ rx, uart _ rx _ rtsn, uart _ rx _ ctsn, uart _ tx , uart _ tx _ rtsn, uart _ tx _ ctsn : the api uart interface includes bi-directional wake up and flow control. unused input signals must be driven or pulled to their inactive state . pin functions timen: strobing the timen input is the most accurate method to acquire the network time maintained by eterna. eterna latches the network timestamp with sub-microsec - ond resolution on the rising edge of the timen signal and produces a packet on the api serial port containing the timing information. uartc0_rx, uartc0_tx: the cli uart provides a mechanism for monitoring, configuration and control of eterna during operation. for a complete description of the supported commands see the smartmesh wirelesshart mote cli api guide.flash _p_ enn, ipcs _ ssn, ipcs _ sck, ipcs _ miso , ipcs_ssn: the in-circuit programming control system ( ipcs) bus enables in - circuit programming of eterna s flash memory. ipcs_sck is a clock and should be terminated appropriately for the driving source to prevent overshoot and ringing. downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 21 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm operation the lt p 5901/ lt p 5902 is the world s most energy - efficient ieee 802.15.4 compliant platform, enabling battery and energy harvested applications. with a powerful 32- bit arm cortex?- m 3, best - in - class radio, flash, ram and purpose - built peripherals, eterna provides a flexible, scalable and robust networking solution for applications demanding minimal energy consumption and data reliability in even the most challenging rf environments. shown in figure 9, eterna integrates purpose-built periph - erals that excel in both low operating-energy consump- tion and the ability to rapidly and precisely cycle between operating and low-power states. items in the gray shaded region labeled analog core correspond to the analog/ rf components. power supply eterna is powered from a single pin, vsupply, which powers the i/o cells and is also used to generate internal supplies. eterna s two on - chip dc / dc converters minimize eternas energy consumption while the device is awake. to conserve power the dc/dc converters are disabled when the device is in low-power state. eternas power supply conditioning architecture, including the two integrated dc / dc converters and three integrated low-dropout regula - tors, provides excellent rejection of supply noise. eternas operating supply voltage range is high enough to support direct connection to lithium-thionyl chloride li-socl 2 sources and wide enough to support battery operation over a broad temperature range. supply monitoring and reset eterna integrates a power-on reset ( por) circuit. as the resetn input pin is nominally configured with an internal pull-up resistor, no connection is required. for a graceful shutdown, the software and the networking layers should be cleanly halted via api commands prior to assertion of the resetn pin. see the smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide for details on the disconnect and reset commands. eterna includes a soft brown-out monitor that fully protects the flash from corruption in the event that power is removed while writing to flash. integrated flash supervisory functionality, in conjunction with a fault tolerant file system , yields a robust non-volatile storage solution. precision timing a major feature of eterna over competing 802.15.4 prod - uct offerings is its low-power dedicated timing hardware and timing algorithms. this functionality provides timing precision two to three orders of magnitude better than any other low-power solution available at the time of publication. improved timing accuracy allows motes to minimize the amount of radio listening time required to ensure packet reception thereby lowering even further the power consumed by smartmesh networks. eternas patented timing hardware and timing algorithms provide superior performance over rapid temperature changes, further differentiating eternas reliability when compared with other wireless products. in addition, precise timing enables networks to reduce spectral dead time, increasing total network throughput. downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 22 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm 4-bit dac vga bpf ppf agc lpf adc dac 10-bit adc pll rssi lna pa 20mhz 32khz 32khz, 20mhz ptat 59012whm f09 bat load limiter voltage reference analog core digital core core regulator clock regulator analog regulator pa dc/dc converter primary dc/dc converter relaxation oscillator por timers sched sram 72kb flash 512kb flash controller code aes auto mac 802.15.4 mod 802.15.4 framing dma ipcs spi slave cli uart (2 pin) api uart (6 pin) adc ctrl 802.15.4 demod system pmu/ clock control figure 9. eterna block diagram operation downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 23 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm operation application time synchronization in addition to coordinating timeslots across the network, which is transparent to the user, eternas timing manage - ment is used to support two mechanisms to share network time. having an accurate, shared, network-wide time base enables events to be accurately time stamped or tasks to be performed in a synchronized fashion across a network. eterna will send a time packet through its serial interface when one of the following occurs: n eterna receives an api request to read time n the timen signal is asserted the use of timen has the advantage of being more accu- rate. the value of the timestamp is captured in hardware relative to the rising edge of timen. if an api request is used, due to packet processing, the value of the timestamp may be captured several milliseconds after receipt of the packet due to packet processing. see the timen ac characteristics section for the time functions definition and specifications. time references eterna includes three clock sources: an internal relaxation oscillator, a low power oscillator designed for a 32.768 khz crystal, and the radio reference oscillator designed for a 20mhz crystal. relaxation oscillator the relaxation oscillator is the primary clock source for eterna, providing the clock for the cpu, memory subsystems, and all peripherals. the internal relaxation oscillator is dynamically calibrated to 7.3728 mhz. the internal relaxation oscillator typically starts up in a few s, providing an expedient, low-energy method for duty cycling between active and low power states. quick start - up from the doze state, defined in the state diagram section, allows eterna to wake up and receive data over the uart and spi interfaces by simply detecting activity on the appropriate signals. 32.768khz crystal once eterna is powered up and the 32.768 khz crystal source has begun oscillating, the 32.768 khz crystal re - mains operational while in the active state, and is used as the timing basis when in doze state. see the state diagram section for a description of eternas operational states. 20mhz crystal the 20 mhz crystal source provides a frequency reference for the radio, and is automatically enabled and disabled by eterna as needed.radio eterna includes the lowest-power commercially available 2.4ghz ieee 802.15.4 e radio by a substantial margin. ( please refer to the radio specifications section for power consumption numbers.). eternas integrated power amplifier is calibrated and temperature-compensated to consistently provide power at a limit suitable for worldwide radio certifications. additionally, eterna uniquely includes a hardware-based autonomous mac that handles precise sequencing of peripherals, including the transmitter, the receiver, and advanced encryption standard ( aes) pe - ripherals. the hardware - based autonomous media access controller ( mac) minimizes cpu activity, thereby further decreasing power consumption. uarts the principal network interface is through the application programming interface ( api) uart. a command - line interface ( cli) is also provided for support of test and debug functions. both uarts sense activity continuously, consuming virtually no power until data is transferred over the port and then automatically returning to their lowest power state after the conclusion of a transfer. the definition for packet encoding on the api uart interface can be found in the smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide and the cli command definitions can be found in the smartmesh wirelesshart mote cli guide . downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 24 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm operation api uart protocol the api uart protocol was created with the goal of supporting a wide range of companion multipoint control units ( mcus) while reducing power consumption of the system. the receive half of the api uart protocol includes two additional signals in addition to uart _ rx: uart _ rx _ rtsn and uart_rx_ctsn. the transmit half of the api uart protocol includes two additional signals in addition to uart_tx: uart_tx_rtsn and uart_tx_ctsn. the api uart protocol is referred to as mode 4. in the figures accompanying the protocol descriptions, signals driven by the companion processor are drawn in black and signals driven by eterna are drawn in blue. uart mode 4 uart mode 4 incorporates level-sensitive flow control on the tx channel and requires no flow control on the rx channel, supporting 115200 baud. the use of level- sensitive flow control signals enables data rates above 9600 baud with the option of using a reduced set of the flow control signals; however, mode 4 has specific limitations. first, the use of the rx flow control signals ( uart _ rx _ rtsn and uart _ rx _ ctsn) for mode 4 are optional provided the use is limited to the industrial temperature range (C40 c to 85 c); otherwise, the flow control is mandatory. if rx flow control signals are not used, uart_rx_rtsn should be tied to vsupply ( inactive) and uart _ rx _ ctsn should be left unconnected . second, unless the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet, the companion processor must negate uart_tx_ctsn prior to the end of the current. failure to negate uart_tx_ctsn prior to the end of a packet may result in back to back packets. third, the companion processor must wait at least t rx_rts to rx_cts between transmitting packets. see the uart ac characteristics section for complete timing specifications. packets are hdlc encoded with one stop bit and no parity bit. the use of the rx flow control signals ( uart_rx_rtsn and uart_rx_ctsn) for mode 4 are optional. the flow control signals for the tx channel are shown in figure 10. transfers are initiated by eterna asserting uart _ tx _ rtsn . the uart_tx_ctsn signal may be actively driven by the companion processor when ready to receive a packet or uart_tx_ctsn may be tied low if the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet. after detecting a logic 0 on uart_tx_ctsn eterna sends the entire packet. following the transmission of the final byte in the packet eterna negates uart _ tx _ rtsn and waits for t tx_interpacket , defined in the uart ac characteristics section before asserting uart_tx_rtsn again. for details on the timing of the uart protocol, see the uart ac characteristics section. cli uart the command line interface ( cli) uart port is a two wire protocol ( tx and rx) that operates at a fixed 9600 baud rate with one stop bit and no parity. the cli uart interface is intended to support command line instructions and response activity.autonomous mac eterna was designed as a system solution to provide a reliable, ultra-low power, and secure network. a reliable network capable of dynamically optimizing operation over changing environments requires solutions that are far too complex to completely support through hardware acceleration alone. as described in the precision timing section, proper time management is essential for optimizing a solution that is both low power and reliable. to address these requirements eterna includes the autonomous mac , which incorporates a co-processor for controlling all of the time-critical radio operations. the autonomous mac provides two benefits: first , preventing variable software latency from affecting network timing and second, greatly figure 10. uart mode 4 transmit flow control 59012whm f10 uart_tx byte 0 byte 1 uart_tx_ctsn uart_tx_rtsn downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 25 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm operation reducing system power consumption by allowing the cpu to remain inactive during the majority of the radio activity. the autonomous mac, provides software-independent timing control of the radio and radio-related functions, resulting in superior reliability and exceptionally low power . security network security is an often overlooked component of a complete network solution. proper implementation of se - curity protocols is significant in terms of both engineering effort and market value in an oem product. eterna system solutions provide a fips-197 validated encryption scheme that includes authentication and encryption at the mac and network layers with separate keys for each mote. this not only yields end-to-end security, but if a mote is somehow compromised, communication from other motes is still secure. a mechanism for secure key exchange al - lows keys to be kept fresh. to prevent physical attacks, eterna includes hardware support for electronically locking devices, thereby preventing access to eternas flash and ram memory and thus the keys and code stored therein. temperature sensor eterna includes a calibrated temperature sensor on chip. the temperature readings are available locally through eternas serial api, in addition to being available via the network manager. the performance characteristics of the temperature sensor can be found in the temperature sensor characteristics section.radio inhibit the radio_inhibit input enables an external controller to temporarily disable the radio software drivers ( for example, to take a sensor reading that is susceptible to radio interference). when radio_inhibit is asserted the software radio drivers will disallow radio operations including clear channel assessment, packet transmits, or packet receipts. if the radio is active in the current timeslot when radio_inhibit is asserted the radio will be diabled after the present operation completes. for details on the timing associated with radio_inhibit, see the radio_inhibit ac characteristics section. software installation devices are supplied with the flash erased, requiring pro - gramming as part of the oems manufacturing procedure . the us department of commerce places restrictions on export of systems and software supporting encryption . all of linear/dust product software produced to date contains encryption and is subject to export regulations and may be provided only via mylinear , https://www. linear.com/mylinear . customers purchasing smartmesh products will receive a certificate containing a registration key and registration instructions with their order. after registering with the key, customers will be able to download smartmesh software images from mylinear . once registered, customers will receive automated e-mail notifications as software updates are made available. linear technology offers the dc9010 , in circuit program - mer for the eterna based products. while the dc9010 , is provided as a finished product, the design documents are provided as a reference for customers. once software has been loaded, devices can be configured via either the cli or api ports. configuration commands and settings are defined in smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide and smartmesh wirelesshart mote cli guide . flash d ata retention eterna contains internal flash ( non-volatile memory) to store calibration results, unique id, configuration settings and software images. flash retention over the operating temperature range. see electrical characteristics and absolute maximum ratings sections. non destructive storage above the operating temperature range of C40 c to 85 c is possible; although, this may result in a degradation of retention characteristics. the degradation in flash retention for temperatures >85 c can be approximated by calculating the dimensionless acceleration factor using the following equation: af = e ea k ?? ? ?? ? ? 1 t use + 273 ? 1 t stress + 273 ?? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 26 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm where:af = acceleration factor ea = activation energy = 0.6ev k = 8.625 ? 10 C5 ev/k t use = is the specified temperature retention in c t stress = actual storage temperature in c example: calculate the effect on retention when storing at a temperature of 105c.t stress = 105c t use = 85c af = 2.8 so the overall retention of the flash would be degraded by a factor of 2.8, reducing data retention from 20 years at 85c to 7.1 years at 105c. state diagram in order to provide capabilities and flexibility in addition to ultra low power, eterna operates in various states, as shown in figure 11. state transitions shown in red are not recommended.start up start up occurs as a result of either crossing the power-on reset threshold or asserting resetn. after the completion of power-on reset or the falling edge of an internally synchronized resetn, eterna loads its fuse table which, as described in the previous section, includes setting i/o direction. in this state, eterna checks the state of the flash_p_enn and resetn and enters the serial flash emulation mode if both signals are asserted. if the flash _p_ enn pin is not asserted but resetn is asserted , eterna automatically reduces its energy consumption to a minimum until resetn is released. once resetn is de-asserted, eterna goes through a boot sequence, and then enters the active state. operation serial flash emulation when both resetn and flash_p_enn are asserted, eterna disables normal operation and enters a mode to emulate the operation of a serial flash. in this mode, its flash can be programmed.operation once eterna has completed startup, eterna transitions to the operational group of states ( active/cpu active, active/ cpu inactive, and doze). there, eterna cycles between the various states, automatically selecting the lowest pos - sible power state while fulfilling the demands of network operation. active state in the active state, eternas relaxation oscillator is running and peripherals are enabled as needed. the arm cortex -m3 cycles between cpu-active and cpu-inactive ( referred to in the arm cortex-m3 literature as sleep now mode). eternas extensive use of dma and intelligent peripherals that independently move eterna between active state and doze state minimizes the time the cpu is active, signifi - cantly reducing eternas energy consumption.doze state the doze state consumes orders of magnitude less cur - rent than the active state and is entered when all of the peripherals and the cpu are inactive. in the doze state eternas full state is retained, timing is maintained, and eterna is configured to detect, wake, and rapidly respond to activity on i/os ( such as uart signals and the timen pin). in the doze state the 32.768 khz oscillator and as - sociated timers are active. downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 27 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm operation serial flash emulation load fuse settings resetn low and flash_p_enn high resetn high and flash_p_enn high reset deassert resetn cpu and peripherals inactive hw or pmu event boot start-up operation inactive doze deep sleep low power sleep command 59012whm f11 assert resetn assert resetn assert resetn cpu active cpu inactive power-on reset resetn low and flash_p_enn low set resetn high and flash_p_enn high for 125s, then set resetn low vsupply > por active figure 11. eterna state diagram downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 28 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm regulatory and standards compliance radio certification the lt p 5901 and lt p 5902 have been certified under a single modular certification, with the module name of eterna2. following the regulatory requirements pro - vided in the eterna2 users guide enables customers to ship products in the supported geographies, by simply completing an unintentional radiator scan of the finished product(s). the eterna2 users guid e also provides the technical information needed to enable customers to further certify either the modules or products based upon the modules in geographies that have not or do not support modular certification.compliance to restriction of hazardous substances (rohs) restriction of hazardous substances 2 ( rohs 2) is a directive that places maximum concentration limits on the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. linear technology is committed to meeting the requirements of the european community directive 2011/65/eu. this product has been specifically designed to utilize rohs-compliant materials and to eliminate or reduce the use of restricted materials to comply with 2011/65/eu. applications information the rohs-compliant design features include: n rohs-compliant solder for solder joints n rohs-compliant base metal alloys n rohs-compliant precious metal plating n rohs-compliant cable assemblies and connector choices n lead-free qfn package n halogen-free mold compound n rohs-compliant and 245 c re-flow compatible note: customers may elect to use certain types of lead- free solder alloys in accordance with the european com - munity directive 2011/65/ eu. depending on the type of solder paste chosen, a corresponding process change to optimize reflow temperatures may be required. soldering information the lt p 5901 and lt p 5902 are suitable for both eutectic pbsn and rohs-6 reflow. the maximum reflow solder - ing temperature is 260 c. a more detailed description of layout recommendations, assembly procedures and design considerations is included in the lt p 5901 and lt p 5902 hardware integration guide . related documentation title location description smartmesh wirelesshart user guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41887 the users guide provides theory of operation, and details of the services supported smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41893 definitions of the applications interface commands available over the api uart smartmesh wirelesshart mote cli guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41892 definitions of the command line interface commands available over the cli uart lt p 5901 and lt p 5902 hardware integra- tion guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41877 recommended practices for designing with the lt p 5901 and lt p 5902 eterna2 users guide http://www.linear.com/docs/42916 the eterna2 module users guide includes certification requirements applicable to certified geographies and support documentation enabling customer certification in additional geographies for the lt p 5901 and lt p 5902 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 29 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm package description please refer to http:// www .linear.com/product/ lt p 5901-whm#packaging for the most recent package drawings. 0.25 r.010 typ 1 .039 typ 0 0 .08 2 .157 4 .197 5 .236 6 .344 8.73 .444 11.27 .87 22 .394 10 0 0 .08 2 .039 1 1.031 26.2 1.213 30.80 1.58 40 .039 1 .079 2 1.122 28.50 1.102 28 1.063 27 .728 18.50 .551 14 .590 15 .630 16 1 .039 42 1.65 2.54.100 1 .039 24 .94 figure 12. lt p 5901 mechanical drawing downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 30 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm package description please refer to http:// www .linear.com/product/ lt p 5902-whm#packaging for the most recent package drawings. figure 13. lt p 5902 mechanical drawing 1 .039 typ 0.25 r.010 typ 0 0 .078 2 .157 4 .197 5 .236 6 .344 8.73 .444 11.27 .87 22 .394 10 0 0 .078 2 .039 1 .039 1 .078 2 1.031 26.20 1.213 30.80 1.40 35.5 1.122 28.50 1.102 28 1.272 32.30 1.063 27 .071 1.80 .728 18.5 .551 14 .590 15 .630 16 37.51.48 1 .039 2.54.100 1 .039 4.50.177 24 .94 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 31 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm information furnished by linear technology corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed for its use. linear technology corporation makes no representa- tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. revision history rev date description page number a 11/15 updated ordering part numbers added total inductance, capacitanceadded software installation section 58 25 downloaded from: http:/// ltp 5901-whm/ ltp 5902-whm 32 59012whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm ? linear technology corporation 2014 lt 1115 rev a ? printed in usa linear technology corporation 1630 mccarthy blvd., milpitas, ca 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 fax : (408) 434-0507 www.linear.com/ltp5901-whm or www.linear.com/ltp590 2-whm related parts typical application part number description comments lt p 5903ipc-whr wirelesshart embedded manager manages networks smartmesh wirelesshart nodes. ltc5800-whm wirelesshart mote ultralow power mote, 72-lead 10mm 10mm qfn lt6654 precision high output drive low noise reference 1.6ppm peak-to-peak noise (0.1hz to 10hz, sink/source 10ma, 5ppm/c max drift) ltc2379-18 18-bit,1.6msps/1msps/500ksps/ 250ksps serial, low power adc 2.5v supply, differential input, 101.2db snr, 5v input range, dgc ltc3388-1/ltc3388-3 20v high efficiency nanopower step-down regulator 860na i q in sleep, 2.7v to 20v input, v out : 1.2v to 5.0v, enable and standby pins ltc3588-1 piezoelectric energy generator with integrated high efficiency buck converter v in : 2.7v to 20v; v out(min) : fixed to 1.8v, 2.5v, 3.3v, 3.6v; i q = 0.95a; 3mm 3mm dfn-10 and msop-10e packages ltc3108-1 ultralow voltage step-up converter and power manager v in : 0.02v to 1v; v out = 2.5v, 3v, 3.7v, 4.5v fixed; i q = 6a; 3mm 4mm dfn-12 and ssop-16 packages ltc3459 micropower synchronous boost converter v in : 1.5v to 5.5v; v out (max) = 10v; i q = 10a; 2mm 2mm dfn, 2mm 3mm dfn or sot-23 package antenna vsupply uart_tx uart_rx uart_tx_rtsn uart_rx_rtsn uart_rx_ctsn uart_tx_ctsn ltp5902-whm tadiran tl-5903 li-soci 2 gnd 4.7f 4.7f 0.1f 0.1f 47f 0.1f 0.1f 22f fb 0.1f 5k 0.1% 1000pf 0.1f v in gnd2 gnd1 v out 10k, 0.2comega 4406 5k 0.1% 1000pf 5k0.1% 32.768khz 59012whm ta02 xout32 advrefp pa05 (ad1) pa04 (ad0) pa08 (gpo8) atmel sam4l2 xin32 gnd vddoutvddcore vddinvddio vddana pa15 (usart1_rxd) pa17 (extint2) pa13 (gp013) pa16 (usart1_txd) pa14 (gpio14) pa18 (extint3) lt6654-2.048 rt = 5k ? ai_0 / (2 ? ai_1 C ai_0) t(c) = 1 / {a + b [ln(rt)] + c[ln(rt)] 3 } C 273.15 a = 1.032 ? 10 C3 b = 2.387 ? 10 C4 c = 1.580 ? 10 C7 mesh network thermistor downloaded from: http:/// |
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